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Quartz

  Quartz   Quartz is hexagonal and commonly occurs as crystals ranging in size form microscopic to crystals weighing several tons. Where it crystallizes unhindered by other crystals, such as in cavities in rock or in a liquid containing few other crystals, it shows well-developed hexagonal prisms and sometimes showing apparent hexagonal pyramids or dipyramid. When it crystallizes in an environment where growth is inhibited by the surroundings, it rarely show crystal faces. It is also found as microcrystalline masses, such as in the rock chert, and as  fibrous masses, such as in chalcedony. Vitreous lusture.   As visible crystals, Quartz is one of the more common rock forming minerals. It occurs in siliceous igneous rocks such as volcanic rhyolite and plutonic granitic rocks. It is common in metamorphic rocks at all grades of metamorphism, and is the chief constituent of sand. Because it is highly resistant to chemical weathering, it is found in a wide varie...
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GROUNDWATER RESOURCES


 

The application of Remote Sensing and Multi-Influencing Factor (MIF) has been established to be an improved tool for the identification of groundwater potential zones ,watershed in Tamil Nadu. About seven thematic layers were prepared based on the satellite imagery, topographic maps and conventional data in the regions. High drainage density varies from 1.31 to 3.76 km/sq.km was lying in northern and western part of the region. The western and northwest regions of the territory, which is located in hilly terrain, are limited by moderate drainage density zones. Among the result of slope density ranging from 1.36 to 38.53 %, with the slopes pointing southeast. The existence of mountainous terrain with low groundwater occurrence is noticeable in the northern region, resulting in a high degree of slope. The center and eastern areas of the region are dominated by water bodies, receiver sand tanks, and reservoirs. The research area was discovered to have a good potential zone in the center and west-southern regions, as well as a moderate potential zone in the eastern half, which is covered by alluvial plains, agricultural land, rivers, and water bodies with a high infiltration rate. Very poor potential zones were observed in the eastern and northern parts of the region, which are covered by coastal alluvial, sand clay, and habitation. Artificial recharge facilities, including as check dams, water absorption trenches, and agricultural ponds, are being built in these regions to collect rainwater and reduce surface runoff and yield. For the long-term utilization of accessible groundwater, strict legislative measures must be implemented, and irrigation patterns must be scientifically changed.


 

 

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